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There are over 55 genes known to be associated with nodulation.
Little information is available concerning the mechanisms leading to nodulation.
Research has found that only nodD is needed for successful nodulation.
The flowers are classically pea-shaped, and root nodulation is very common.
Effects of acid soil infertility factors on growth and nodulation of soybean.
These three genetic pathways are believed to be part of a gene duplication event then recruited to work in nodulation.
Autoregulation of nodulation controls nodule numbers per plant through a systemic process involving the leaf.
These may well constitute the evolutionary precursors in legumes for nitrogen fixation through nodulation.
The current hypothesis about the evolution of the genes needed for nodulation is that they were recruited from other pathways after a polyploidy event.
The plant is one of the best nitrogen fixers with nodulation accomplished by the soil bacterium Rhizobium.
A similar experiment planting seedlings in deep layers of peat where the surface layer had been removed, did not produce nodulation.
Several different pathways have been implicated as donating duplicated genes to the pathways need for nodulation.
JA currently appears to regulate signal exchange and nodulation regulation between legumes and rhizobium.
Soybean nodulin-26, a major component of the peribacteroid membrane induced during nodulation in legume roots after Rhizobium infection.
During nodulation, an increased phosphorus (P) supply is advantageous, because this way the nodulation can be improved.
Caetano-Anollés G, Gresshoff PM (1991) Plant genetic control of nodulation.
As in legumes, nodulation is favored by nitrogen deprivation and is inhibited by high nitrogen concentrations.
L. japonicus does have several similar characteristics to the legume Medicago truncatula, but they are phylogenetically different and exhibit two different development systems for nodulation.
Mellor, R.B.: The nodulation of legumes.
Infection causes a reduction in root volume and function, including reduced nodulation, leading to decreased water and nutrient up-take, which lead to above-ground secondary symptoms.
It may represent "a primitive evolutionary form that could give hints of how nitrogen-fixing bacteria evolved and how the nitrogen-fixing nodulation in plants began," he said.
The partner choice hypothesis proposes that the plant uses prenodulation signals from the rhizobia to decide whether to allow nodulation, and chooses only noncheating rhizobia.
Leaf tissue senses the early nodulation events in the root through an unknown chemical signal, then restricts further nodule development in newly developing root tissue.
The improvements were attributed to the higher legume nodulation in the presence of AMF, better water infiltration, and soil aeration due to soil aggregation.
Recent research has shown that AM fungi release an unidentified diffusional factor, known as the myc factor, which activates the nodulation factor's inducible gene MtEnod11.