Employment in goods-producing industries has declined since the 1990s.

Although overall employment is expected to change little, projected growth among goods-producing industries varies considerably (Chart 4).

As with goods-producing industries, growth among service-providing industries will vary (Chart 5).

Although the higher compensation costs were about the same for both goods-producing and service industries, at about 4.5 percent, the components were somewhat different.

Of the July gain in jobs, 29,000 were in goods-producing industries.

In all, service jobs, which are the driving force in the economy, climbed 221,000 last month while jobs in goods-producing industries rose by 151,000.

But employment in goods-producing industries has fallen by more than 3 percent.

Only 5,000 of the new jobs were in goods-producing industry; factory jobs actually fell by 9,000.

Payrolls shrank in virtually every goods-producing industry and edged down or remained flat across the service sector.

In economic statistics, capacity utilization is normally surveyed for goods-producing industries at plant level.