"The purpose of this report is to describe the successful use in 2 patients of a quick, simple, effective and safe method of arousing the heart from ventricular standstill by an artificial, external, electric pacemaker," he wrote.

There currently is no established treatment for visual snow.

Visual snow might be a form of acephalic migraine.

Individuals suffering from visual snow see similar noise but experience difficulty blocking it from conscious perception.

Although palinopsia refers to a specific type of visual symptom, there are other conditions, such as visual snow, which often accompany it.

Each batch of now-intelligible words was sepa- rated from the others by many minutes of visual snow and audio steam.

There is some uncertainty about to what degree visual snow constitutes a true HPPD symptom.

There are a few potential reasons for this, the most obvious of which being the theory that the drug usage may exaggerate the intensity of visual snow.

No etiology for visual snow has been identified, and anecdotal reports point to a multitude of associated conditions, possibly rendering it a non-specific symptom.

Visual snow can occur in a variety of ophthalmic disorders that can be diagnosed by the presence of additional clinical signs and symptoms.

In addition to visual snow, many sufferers have other types of visual disturbances such as starbursts, increased afterimages, floaters, trails, and many others.

A condition that sometimes produces visual snow is optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), caused by multiple sclerosis (MS).

PAWOI is said to be a possible cause of a variety of neurological symptoms, including visual snow, loss of vision, increased afterimages, tinnitus, and others.

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is another condition which has resulted in the onset of the visual snow following the use of hallucinogenic psychedelic drugs.

Insofar as sufferers of visual snow have undergone ophthalmic, neurological and psychiatric examinations, no systematic problems besides the visual snow have been identified.

Visual snow is a transitory or persisting visual symptom where people see snow or television-like static in parts or the whole of their visual fields, especially against dark backgrounds.

Persisting visual snow can feature as a leading symptom of a migraine complication called persistent aura without infarction, commonly referred to as persistent migraine aura (PMA).

If you read the brochure, you will learn that Ms. Kubota once met Duchamp in a snowstorm in upstate New York - hence the visual snow - and that Ms. Lucier had a French aunt who died in a train crash.

HPPD very rarely occurs after just a single dose of a hallucinogenic drug and with a considerable latency between last drug intake and onset of persistent perception disorder, so taking a thorough life-time drug history is mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of visual snow.

Another theory is that instead, there may be no change in the severity or magnitude of the visual snow, but perhaps the drug usage opens sensory pathways that result in the individual becoming more aware of any visual disturbances that may have simply not been noticed before the incidence of drug use.

Palinopsia sometimes appears on its own, but is more often accompanied by other visual disturbances such as visual snow, and can be attributed to a number of conditions affecting the brain including, but not limited to, medications, seizure disorders, tumors, occiptal lobe or visual pathway lesions, subcortical hemorrhage, and dural arteriovenous malformations.

Moreover, a variety of illnesses (e.g. Lyme disease, auto-immune disease) or noxious events (e.g. prolonged use of a VDU, dehydration, over-acidification) have been blamed by sufferers in self-help internet forums as causes of persisting visual snow, but none of these claims have been confirmed by scientific study.

Another way to measure the market is growth versus value.

"Us versus them" appears to be alive and well in American society.

For the next week, the competition would be "all versus one".

In past years, they have not matched up well versus the Cowboys.

There are many things they can do and sit versus getting out and running around.

Let's see, a guaranteed million dollars over the next half a year versus a quick couple of grand.

He started at the age of 19 in a match versus Yugoslavia(3:0).

View all the games in the match versus Deep Blue.

"Three thousand versus one person," she said, referring to the arrested guard.

Can be played "all versus all", or three teams of two.

Jimmy was funny and he could have a four star match versus a broom.

Cricket featured a match versus a visiting English side.

This series of events is often referred to as "Scientology versus the Internet".

"And all this has to be rehearsed, and then you weigh the risk versus the gain."

These ritual duels symbolized the confrontation of man and nature, or order versus chaos.

Certainly balance the risk versus the reward.

The second match versus the same rival FA was defeated again by 6-0.

People still talk about "Baltimore versus the Giants."

The "America versus the Rest" format no longer ensures that the world's finest compete in the final series.

His debut was in May 1992 in a friendly match versus Poland.

His best bowling performance was 8-40 in a match versus Kent in May 1897.

"You weigh the risk versus the benefit.

Maldonado made his international debut on February 12, 2000, in a match versus Bulgaria.

They lost the 11th-place match versus Poland 6-5 on penalty kicks, after finishing extra time 2-2.

It was about "Coke versus people who don't drink Coke yet."