A. c. richmondii breeds in Central America south to western Panama.

It is found only in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama.

It breeds in highlands from southeastern Mexico south to western Panama.

Sibon noalamina is a species of snail-eating snake discovered in 2012 from western Panama.

The town is isolated, with no highway linking it to other communities in central and western Panama.

The scientists studied 126 bird species around forests and coffee farms in western Panama.

It is a resident breeder from eastern Mexico to western Panama.

The Northern species' range meets the Wattled in western Panama.

Mass mortality and population declines of anurans at an upland site in western Panama.

It is known only from Chiriquí Province in western Panama.