One often-cited provision of the un-passed bill would have authorized Medicare reimbursement for physicians who provide voluntary counseling about such subjects as living wills.

That's the rationale behind New York State's large new expansion of voluntary counseling and testing.

Standard voluntary prenuptial counseling.

The mantra has been "voluntary counseling and testing," but this tip-toeing approach is costing millions of lives.

Ohel social workers had already told the city welfare agency in May and again in June that the parents were skipping voluntary counseling.

So far the mantra in the field has been VCT - voluntary counseling and testing - but this has been a colossal failure.

Due in part to the vast size of the country, health services do not currently meet acceptable quality standards, and access to voluntary counseling and testing services varies greatly.

Some of those measures include improving the status of women, condom promotion and distribution, voluntary counseling and testing, and education programs for students and workers.

A mobile voluntary counseling and testing unit (VCT) was started in 2008 by Ingwavuma Orphan Care.

Editing and development of national guidelines for voluntary counseling and testing for HIV infection 2003-2004.