It encouraged the owners to voluntary arbitration, but rarely with success.

In particular he was concerned about backlash resulting from the standard form contracts most brokerages signed their clients to, calling on them to make arbitration voluntary.

It provided also for mediation, voluntary arbitration, fact-finding boards, cooling off periods and adjustment boards.

The Board could use either mediation or voluntary arbitration to resolve disputes between management and labor in defense industries.

In the two cases where voluntary arbitration and mediation had failed and management refused to accept Board recommendations, the president seized the plants by executive order.

In Michigan, court litigation takes nearly three years; voluntary arbitration, about half that time.

The Act likewise provided for voluntary arbitration, but made any award issued by the panel binding and enforceable in federal court.

The RLA promoted voluntary arbitration as the best method for resolving those disputes that the Board of Mediation could not settle.

For instance, it proposed mandatory arbitration for fee disputes, voluntary arbitration of malpractice claims, client protection funds designed to reimburse victims of unscrupulous lawyers.

The Hof could act as arbiter in cases of voluntary arbitration at the request of parties.