For a supply voltage V near the rated voltage of the lamp:

It produces a voltage V between the opposite ends of the wire.

Hence, for a given value of W, the lower the applied voltage V at which significant emission occurs.

The sink is intended to draw the same current i regardless of the applied voltage V at the output.

As with any antiderivative, a constant of integration is added to represent the initial voltage V(t).

The voltage V at the source is directly proportional to the applied force, pressure, or strain.

Recall that the charge q on a capacitor C with a voltage V between the plates is given by:

We model element number j as having a feedpoint at the center with a voltage V and a current I flowing into it.

We can also solve for the voltage V at the feedpoint of the driven element using the earlier equation:

The current I through a diode is a non-linear function of the voltage V across its terminals: