Jeffrey B. Wall argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal.

Amici urging reversal were filed by 20 different brokerage firms.

Solicitor General Charles Fried filed an amicus brief on behalf of the federal government urging reversal.

Barnett presented numerous arguments urging reversal.

Sri Srinivasan argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal.

Dan Himmelfarb argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal.

Lawyers for the Securities Industry Association filed an amicus curiae brief urging reversal.

Former Solicitor General Garre argued the cause for the federal respondents urging reversal in both cases.

Daryl Joseffer argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal.

Eric D. Miller argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal.