Despite his efforts, his appeal was rejected and his sentence upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

The decision upheld a 1998 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, in Chicago.

In most respects the decision upheld a 1988 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, in St. Louis.

The decision upheld a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco.

For many institutions, that rationale, if upheld by the United States Supreme Court, would require major adjustments in how they admit students.

The 7-to-2 decision upheld a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, in Philadelphia.

The injunction, upheld last year by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in Richmond, is still in effect.

The decision upheld a 1993 ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver.

The ban was challenged on First Amendment grounds but upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.