A number of counties in Southeastern Kentucky, a union stronghold, voted Republican for the first time since Ronald Reagan's 1984 landslide.
However, Homestead was, what author Paul Krause calls, "the last union stronghold in the steel mills of the Pittsburgh district."
The latest spate of job cuts may ultimately lead to increased labor flexibility in South Korea, historically a union stronghold, they said, and may even stimulate entrepreneurship.
There is less turnover than in the last outposts of tenured academia, a better chance of a lifelong job than in the strongest of union strongholds.
He did not noticeably object when corporate capital - and jobs - fled from union strongholds in the Rust Belt to right-to-work states, maquiladoras within our own borders.
The fund-raising windfall has prompted the campaign to speed plans to hire workers in eight states, including the union strongholds of Michigan and Wisconsin.
Hook grew up in Cork and attended Presentation Brothers College, a fee-paying school and rugby union stronghold.
Even in New York City, a union stronghold, where members in service workers' locals average $32,000 a year, labor's might has been eroded.
While House leaders have pressed a stinging attack, many Republicans from New York State and other union strongholds condemn this approach, saying it drives union voters toward the Democrats.
Once a union stronghold, the company by 1997 had stopped being a social laboratory where politicians tested labor reforms before introducing them nationwide.