In mononuclear complexes with large m and n, the rings will rotate to reduce torsional strain within the linker arms.

The hydrogens in successive carbons are thus staggered so that there is little torsional strain.

There is also torsional strain involving the C2-C3 and C5-C6 bonds, which are eclipsed.

This transannular strain occurs when the cycloalkanes attempt to avoid angle and torsional strain.

But many molecular biological processes can induce torsional strain.

It should also be noted that such normal stress effects are to be found in metals when subjected to very large torsional strains.

Angle strain and torsional strain combine to create ring strain that affects cyclic molecules.

When installed properly, they are free of damaging torsional strain during pressure surges.

The molecule also has torsional strain due to the eclipsed conformation of its hydrogen atoms.

Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, cyclohexane adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation.