Many education reform efforts have been aimed at breaking the top-down model that imposes instructional guidelines and other rules devised by a distant bureaucracy.

The Councils have transformed the state's economic development approach from a top-down model to a bottom-up, community-based one.

A further difficulty in relying entirely on a 'top-down' model arises because of the differing ways in which spoken and written language are received.

Biomanipulation is an approach that applies the top-down model of community organization to alter ecosystem characteristics.

This model became known as a top-down model of galactic formation, with the supergalactic condensation fragmenting into protogalaxies.

It creates a lot of pressure for a top-down model.

This model involves a strong element of 'responsibilisation' contrasting with a 'top-down' model of government from the centre.

A top-down model is often specified with the assistance of "black boxes", these make it easier to manipulate.

Like community media, community film often sees itself at odds with the dominant modes of top-down, celebrity-driven, merchandising-dependent and consumption-driven models.

The impulse for development always comes from the top tier causing many to label the FGP a top-down model.