Up to and during the 1930s, electrical engineers were able to build electronic circuits to solve mathematical and logic problems, but most did so in an ad hoc manner, lacking any theoretical rigor.
It would lack theoretical rigour, practical precision, be in conflict with growth promotion policies, and run the risk of leaving developing countries in permanent backwardness.
Despite the school's theoretical rigor - or because of it - its graduates have enjoyed wide commercial success.
The kind of pragmatic approach to pedagogy that I have outlined here depends on the recognition of the importance of intellectual effort and puts theoretical rigour at the service of practical relevance.
The difficulty with many bibliometric studies is their lack of theoretical rigour, as Gilbert and Woolgar have pointed out.
The theoretical rigor of Shannon's work completely replaced the ad hoc methods that had previously prevailed.
While not always successful in harmonizing theoretical rigor and stylistic elegance, he does write in a style that is accessible and, for the most part, jargon-free.
Infinitesimal numbers were originally developed to create the differential and integral calculus, but were replaced by systems using limits when they were shown to lack theoretical rigor.
For its parsimony and theoretical rigor, neorealism has been the baseline for most of IR theory over the last 20 years.
To use the linguist's terminology, they would be referred to as weak methods, to reflect their lack of theoretical rigour.