Therapy has ranged from surgical exploration of the brain to permit exit of the bad humors to hypnosis.

It removes the need for surgical exploration and the risks of side effects.

Before the advent of sophisticated medical imaging techniques, surgical exploration was the standard of care.

Once suspected, there should be immediate surgical exploration to determine if a cholesteatoma has formed as this must be removed if present.

Standard treatment would include surgical exploration via laparotomy.

The location of the tumor is determined by diagnostic tests or surgical exploration.

Some suggest that surgical exploration should be considered if no recovery occurs after 3 to 6 months.

Treatment consists of surgical exploration with repair of the defect.

A more invasive, but sometimes necessary treatment involves surgical exploration as a last resort.

Curative resection procedures are confined to patients who at the time of surgical exploration do not have extensive nodal involvement.