We have observed a substantial bias toward canalyzing functions.
Compared with the "first hand" information the reader gains in the chapters, both sources show a substantial bias in their interpretation of the events.
Korenman and Winship concluded:"... there is evidence of substantial bias due to measurement error in their estimates of the effects of parents' socioeconomic status.
We must emphasise that non-randomised comparisons of heparin and no heparin in ISIS-2 may be subject to substantial bias.
But for the general election in November, "there was substantial bias, with fewer voting machines per voter in areas that were heavily African-American."
--The disclosures are likely to cause a substantial bias against broker loans that may reduce competition and increase the cost of all mortgages.
The judge concluded that the letter "demonstrates substantial bias and prejudice on his part against students who write for The Dartmouth Review."
At a minimum, this introduces substantial bias into the analysis of any data, as people will tend to selectively see facts that support the conclusions they personally prefer.
"There isn't a substantial bias to the upside from these levels," Mr. Burtnick continued, "but you've clearly left the bears in a tough position going forward."
Although the 95% confidence interval for the difference included zero (Figure 3), its large width means that a substantial bias cannot be ruled out.