The study did not count money from Federal taxes.
The study, which compiles data on advertising curriculums at 111 schools, counted 21,581 students last year, down 2.8 percent.
The study does not count crashes that happen when walking across a roadway.
Instead, the study counts only the value of the options and restricted stock received by the 350 executives on the dates the awards were made.
Both studies count direct impact of spending only.
But when it comes to local politics, the studies don't always count for much.
A study conducted in 1907 had counted 440 households with 2,347 inhabitants.
Conservationists plan a study to count the snow leopards this winter.
The study counted only births to women who had never married.
The study counts on upgrading existing coal plants, to make them more efficient.