A long-term decrease in ozone might systematically affect stratospheric temperatures so that the beginning of winter could be colder than in our simulations.

Ramanathan (1988) notes that both water and ice clouds, when formed at cold lower stratospheric temperatures, are extremely efficient in enhancing the atmospheric greenhouse effect.

Chlorofluorocarbons and other industrial chemicals cause large, rapid ozone losses in the polar regions when the stratospheric temperature reaches 105 to 110 degrees below zero.

This group continued to map the northern-hemisphere stratospheric temperature and geopotential height for many years using radiosondes and rocketsondes.

Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures.

Neptune's brightness is statistically correlated with its stratospheric temperature.

These animations show the development of stratospheric temperatures and the Antarctic ozone hole at the South Pole.

We expect to see year-to-year variations in the size of the ozone hole because stratospheric temperatures can vary from year to year.

The reduced size in 2002 was attributed to warmer-than-normal stratospheric temperatures and temperature patterns above Antarctica.

Radiative forcing is called instantaneous if no change in stratospheric temperature is accounted for.