Mali borrowed the practice to stem inflation of the substance, since it was so prominent in the region.

Treasury prices rallied in the afternoon after the Fed gave no signal that it would tighten interest rates to stem inflation.

Rates had been rising for more than a year as the Federal Reserve tightened credit in an attempt to stem inflation.

January 2 - Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence.

To stem inflation, Chadbourne asserted, nations could release stock of silver into the market from their reserves.

Analysts said the performance reflected the market belief that the rate increases were not enough to stem inflation or overcome the weakness of the dollar.

But why, if the Fed is acting to stem inflation far down the pike, has the bond market reacted so badly?

The concern is that signs of a stronger economy could prompt the Fed to tighten interest rates to stem inflation.

Until the spring, interest rates had been rising as the Fed tightened credit to stem inflation.

But with a weakening economy, its ability to stem inflation is limited.