This is 60% larger than the radius of the star Sirius, while stellar models indicated it should only be about 12% larger.

This is measured by a spectroscopic analysis of the atmosphere, followed by a comparison with the results expected from computed stellar models.

The term originated from historical stellar models that assumed stars began their early life at a high temperature then gradually cooled off as they aged.

In fact, it is possible to write down all these static stellar models in a way which makes clear that they exist in plenitude.

The light echoes of supernova 1987A are also geometric measurements, without any stellar models or assumptions.

In 2004, a stellar evolutionary model of Fomalhaut yielded a metallicity of 79%.

In astrophysics, fluid solutions are often employed as stellar models.

In the process of developing his stellar models, he sought to overturn current thinking about the sources of stellar energy.

These can be used for refinement of young stellar models, for example.

The mass, radius, surface gravity, and rotation period can then be estimated based on stellar models.