Aphanomyces is a soil-borne disease, and the entire lifecycle is completed in the host root and surrounding soil.

Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility, increase agricultural productivity and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases.

Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that will quickly kill younger basil plants.

It can also provide protection against drought and some soil-borne diseases.

But there are many questions that should be answered before a virulent, persistent and broad-spectrum soil-borne disease is introduced into any environment.

Changing the plots will keep down soil-borne diseases and insect infestations.

Although resistant varieties are on the market, particularly Tryon and Charlotte, even these have been known to succumb in areas where the soil-borne disease is established.

For example, in Ethiopia the shoes are intended to help prevent a soil-borne disease that attacks the lymphatic system and which largely affected women and children.

Microbial activity can break down toxins and pesticides and conquer soil-borne diseases, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood.

In Rwanda, a country of high disease prevalence, the government has banned walking barefoot in public, in order to curtail podoconiosis and other soil-borne diseases.