Within the media studies discipline, however, social determinism is understood as the counterpart of technological determinism.

The notion of social determinism opposes this perspective.

The film's argument for an androgynous personality that can survive changes of anatomy works against its own strong sense of social determinism.

However, the tendency to see biological determinism and social determinism as polar opposites is rather misleading.

At root this doctrine requires one to renounce the whole idea of race, because racial identity is a form of social determinism.

Why, indeed, would one wish to preserve race as a category if racial identity is an undesirable form of social determinism?

Some critics have claimed that meant that Marx enforced a strict social determinism which destroyed the possibility of free will.

Green argues that technology is developed and adopted due to "social determinism".

"The school's mission has a liberating ambition: to give citizens-in-the-making the means to free themselves from social, cultural, ethnic or gendered determinism."

Contingency theory thus combines elements of technological and social determinism.