Fresh water is reported available from shallow groundwater on the last six islands.

Another question, I wonder, is whether the shallow groundwater that was mentioned came from above or below the impermeable clay.

The pumping of shallow groundwater in the mid-1900s also contributed to the problem.

In this case, sudden earthquake forces immediately increases the pore pressure of shallow groundwater.

Sample results also confirm that nearby shallow groundwater is contaminated with high levels of petroleum compounds.

Another important issue is the contamination of shallow groundwater near urban industries that discharge wastes directly into the ground.

They are found in depression areas and low landscape positions with shallow groundwater.

For metals a distinction is made between deep and shallow groundwater.

This is because deep and shallow groundwater contain different background concentrations.

The target values shown below are for 'shallow' groundwater, 0 - 10 m depth.