It is sold in the United States as an over-the-counter drug, but with a concentration of hydroquinone not exceeding 2 percent.
Genentech used its genetic-engineering technology to alter animal ovary cells to produce the substance in large enough quantities to be sold as a drug.
Pheniramine is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug, although some formulations are available containing pheniramine by itself.
But online marketers sell it as a weight-loss drug and performance enhancer.
With zinc acetate, she said, her group actively sought a company to sell the product as a drug.
The blood is then sold as a drug in vials on the underground market.
It is sold over the counter in Japan as a cholesterol-lowering drug and as a blood thinner.
It is also sold in Europe, at lower doses and as an injectable drug to treat Parkinson's disease.
They are not sold as a drug in the United States.
Since it is sold as a "nutritional supplement" rather than a drug, it is not covered by health insurance.