The recent peak at age 2 in the rural high oil category might therefore be seen as an 'urbanising' effect.

This has led to small businesses losing customers and closing in many areas, which can be seen as an adverse effect on the local infrastructure.

This has been seen as both an effect and a cause of high youth unemployment.

Within the lomography movement it is seen as a positive effect, giving photos character.

The next phase in the use of the term has been to see hybridity as a cultural effect of globalization.

Many kinds of drugs - even legal ones - will cause hallucinations, if very large doses are taken, and it is seen as a side effect.

As in humans, it may be seen as a side effect to the use of ciclosporin.

He sees Chodo as a cause of social ills rather than as an effect.

Healthy weight loss can be seen as a positive effect of participation in sports, but reducing body fat too greatly can cause health problems.

But the first-quarter expansion of 1.9 percent was seen as a temporary effect of earlier Government spending.