But the substantive gains being negotiated in this agreement should reinforce Mr. Arafat's secular leadership.

Other historical views of leadership have addressed the seeming contrasts between secular and religious leadership.

But Labor, Israel's original secular, socialist leadership, is not a traditional ally of religious parties.

Under their secular leadership, the outer provinces, which, since Hardin's time, look to us as the Holy Planet, might break away.

The struggle between the two factions is technically over secular leadership of the Williamsburg congregation.

The Williamsburg congregation's board, its secular leadership, is at the heart of the legal case between the two sides.

Mr. Chalabi's move toward secular leadership appears to signal a new phase in his political maneuvering.

France's Right, in particular, believed that its country's secular leadership was condemning the country to decadence.

The religious and secular leadership within a village often colluded against the poorer members.

That was when it challenged the secular leadership of the first intifada against Israeli control in the West Bank and Gaza.