Religious and secular subjects vied in this essentially secular art.

This is secular art, home entertainment for the ducal set.

But even then some were also producing great secular art.

The same was true of Novgorod's secular art, which had roots in local, pagan soil.

The secular art installed at the end of the exhibition has, of course, a very different expressive presence.

The idea of secular art virtually disappeared, along with secular education.

It was intended as a peaceful area for the enjoyment of secular and religious art.

Even when the subject of a painting was clearly religious, its treatment was a step away from icon tradition into a "westernized", secular art.

Preparing believers to enter the secular performing arts while maintaining the integrity of their faith.

So a gap exists between the state's Jewish heritage and the secular art that has taken root.