The Medici again ruled Florence from 1512 until 1527, when they were once more driven out.

And the people, and only the people, ruled Florence then and forever.

The Medici, who ruled Florence, wanted to show that they could rule nature, too.

Piero ruled Florence for a mere two years.

Giuliano ruled Florence until his death in 1516, and was succeeded by Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino.

He intended to marry her to his brother's illegitimate son, Ippolito de' Medici, and set them up to rule Florence.

Lorenzo, like his grandfather, father, and son ruled Florence indirectly, through surrogates in the city councils, threats, payoffs, and strategic marriages.

In 1494, Florence restored the republic-expelling the Medici family, who had ruled Florence for some sixty years.

A member of the Medici family was not to rule Florence again until 1512.

In the 15th century, the Medicis, who ruled Florence, annexed surrounding land to create modern Tuscany.