No matter how rigorously designed empirical studies may be, their value is always relative to the explicit formulation of the theory they are designed to serve.

Increased participation in rigorously designed clinical trials would increase the pace of research.

But some doctors say such transplants should be done only as part of rigorously designed studies to determine whether the procedure is truly effective.

Although it covered 10,520 doctors, the study was not rigorously designed to reflect the entire profession.

The newer trials, more rigorously designed than the Dutch one, are expected to provide clearer answers about whether the drugs can ward off Alzheimer's.

"The story is just that I respond to anything that is rigorously designed."

Also, as he pointed out, it's rigorously designed; its gracious proportions are an Emery Roth signature.

The new study was rigorously designed to avoid problems like the ones that came up in the earlier studies.

Ask to hear a rigorously designed CD player - no matter if it costs $5,000 - through a sophisticated setup of electronics and speakers.

Recent studies, more rigorously designed and conducted, found no such effects, they assert.