The amendment denies most favored nation status to certain countries with non-market economy that restricts emigration, which is considered a human rights.

At present, the Jackson-Vanik amendment denies most-favored-nation status to the Soviet Union as a "nonmarket economy" that restricts emigration for political reasons.

Communist governments were initially installed in a Bloc politics process that included extensive political and media controls, along with a Soviet approach to restricting emigration.

Soviet officials later said that Mr. Gorbachev had not threatened to restrict Jewish emigration in response to Arab pressures.

Others predicted that fear of the disease would be used in Europe to further restrict African emigration.

Ceauşescu liberalized the regulations restricting emigration from Romania by Jews.

The status has been withheld by Washington under the 1974 Jackson-Vanik amendment, which denies it to countries that restrict emigration.

What is the situation regarding development aid, a corollary to restricting emigration?

The law requires annual renewal of trading rights for countries that restrict emigration.

The amendment bars most-favored-nation status for Communist countries that severely restrict emigration.