The journals' practice of restricting dissemination of findings prior to publication can run counter to the authors' interests, said Dr. Ginsparg.

In fact, some employment agreements will include a clause restricting employees' use and dissemination of company-owned "confidential information."

Another looming complication is whether the 10 companies and institutions that own the stem cells will make them available to researchers on reasonable terms or will make onerous demands that restrict dissemination of the findings or limit the possibilities of commercialization.

The Queensland government's 'obscenity' laws also restricted the promotion or dissemination of sexually orientated information even if it was educational.

E-Tech still restricts large-scale dissemination of archival data.

The Cuban government and Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba-PCC) strictly censor news, information, and commentary and restrict dissemination of foreign publications to tourist hotels.

Limiting resources, in the form of providing primarily English speaking teachers, for bilingual or English as a second language student, limits the learning simply by restricting dissemination of knowledge.

Along with many other major prestige appliance brands, Sub-Zero follows a practice of restricting dissemination of the prices of their refrigerators.

Dr. Moskowitz said that Dr. Wyngaarden had expressed deep concern about researchers' fears stemming from the policies of scientific journals to restrict dissemination of data before publication.

One is the still-pending $6.5 billion deal with Japan to produce the FSX fighter, contingent on American efforts to restrict dissemination of the plane's technology.