Polish districts were among those which resisted Soviet collectivization and atheism.

Estonians and Lithuanians were also deported, including large numbers sent east in 1949 for resisting collectivization.

As a result, these rumors worked in rallying the peasants to resist the government and collectivization because they gave the peasants a "language of protest".

Those who resisted collectivization were killed or deported.

The fact of nominating of such settlements was published in the oblast newspapers listing the names of collective farms that resisted collectivization and the Soviet regime.

When Bashov was a boy, a Communist brigade came to his village and massacred the adults, who were resisting collectivization.

Polish farmers fiercely resisted collectivization.

Stalin blamed this unanticipated failure on kulaks (rich peasants), who resisted collectivization.

Photographers praised collective farming long after Stalin engineered a famine to kill off thousands upon thousands of farmers who resisted collectivization.

The term kulak was ultimately applied to anybody resisting collectivization as many of the so-called kulaks were no more well-off than other peasants.