This species is a resident breeder on the Indian subcontinent.

It is a resident breeder in wetlands with trees.

It is a resident breeder in the mountain laurisilva forest zone.

This is a resident breeder in dry, open and often hilly country.

This species is a resident breeder in forest habitats.

It is a resident breeder from eastern Mexico to western Panama.

It is a resident breeder in open woodlands and savannah.

By the early 21st century, the birds are well-established as resident breeders.

It is a resident breeder in central and southern Africa.

Both are resident breeders in dry, open country, often in hill areas.