While the renal stones are routinely and successfully treated on Earth, the occurrence of these during space flight can prove to be problematic.

Several factors contribute to the formation of renal stones in space.

Some 60% of all renal stones are radiopaque.

Uricosuric drugs are not recommended if the person has a history of renal stones.

The test is positive in people with an infection around the kidney (perinephric abscess), pyelonephritis or renal stone.

There, Macintyre produced the first images of renal stones and various inner body parts.

Most patients in this category had renal stones.

His clinical research has included polycycstic kidney disease, renal stones and hypercalcemia.

The patient's symptoms disappeared, only to return in approximately six years as a result of renal stones that were diagnosed only after the patient had died.

Pyonephrosis is sometimes a complication of renal stones, which can be a source of persisting infection.