Most of the times, regulatory elements occur upstream of operons.

An operon is the set of one or several genes and their associated regulatory elements, which are transcribed as a single unit.

Where are the transcriptional regulatory elements for the downstream gene?

Moreover, many regulatory elements function only in certain cell types and specific conditions.

A full approval to develop generally comprises a range of regulatory elements.

Though these two regulatory elements work against each other, both sequence types affect the promoter region in very similar ways.

This is done by changing the spatial arrangement of the promoter or the regulatory elements.

Orthologues with high sequence similarity may not share the same regulatory elements.

There appears to be no immediate limit to the number of genes and regulatory elements that could be loaded onto them, he added.

These problems can be circumvented, however, by utilizing endogenous regulatory elements.