Other regulators, the study noted, argue that derivatives actually reduce the risk of such cascading problems.

Moreover, regulators argue that the 12 regional banks are multibillion-dollar institutions and need to pay competitive salaries to attract and hold their top officers.

In opposing that deal, regulators - both from the F.C.C. and the Justice Department - argued the merger would create a monopoly.

He added that bankers and regulators frequently argued about whether to force a bank to sign an agreement that would be disclosed publicly.

Even with quarterly or daily portfolio information, investors might not be able to act on market news before their funds suffered, the regulators argue.

In addition, some regulators have argued that those who need skilled nursing care should not be in assisted living facilities.

As a result, Mr. Greenspan and other regulators around the world have argued that the proper response to derivatives is the rough equivalent of driver safety education.

While American companies and regulators argue that these foods are safe, Europeans have banned many of them as threats to consumer safety and the environment.

The regulators argue that establishing the reinsurance vehicle involves issuing securities, which Lloyd's is not licensed to sell in the United States.

Industrialists and some Federal regulators argue that we need to pump our oil at home lest we fail competitively in the world marketplace.