Critics also sometimes argue that race-based affirmative action would be fine if it were limited to efforts at "recruitment" and "training."

A commitment to need-based rather than race-based affirmative action; more generally, a commitment to race-neutral ideals.

Texas lawmakers thought they had found the ideal alternative to race-based affirmative action.

And in their treatment of race-based affirmative action, they note a complication only to ignore it.

The ruling is one of the broadest rejections of race-based affirmative action by a Federal court.

If race-based affirmative action was not a part of their success, should they publish their standardized scores to lay that contention to rest?

My next thought is about what effect this debate will have on race-based affirmative action.

And now you advocate restrictions on immigration and the end of race-based affirmative action as big steps toward creating a better racial climate.

This would eliminate the need for race-based affirmative action as well as reducing any disproportionate benefits for middle- and upper-class people of color.

They are more likely to oppose deficit spending, protectionism, subsidies (especially to corporations) race-based affirmative action and many regulations on small businesses.