When audits have gone beyond counting activity alone they have focused mainly on blood glucose concentration as a proxy measure of outcome.

The index is also a proxy measure for overfishing and an indication of how abundant and rich the large, high trophic level fish are.

There are no direct measurements of the longer-term variation, and interpretations of proxy measures of variations differ.

This difference is hardly surprising as treatment specialism is acting here as a proxy measure of morbidity.

We therefore have concerns about the use of journal Impact Factor as a proxy measure for the quality of individual articles.

Instead of measuring organizational effectiveness directly, the organization selects proxy measures to represent effectiveness.

These relationships may be clearly seen if betas are considered as proxy measures of security volatility relative to that of the market.

Because the probability distribution is unknown, a proxy measure for the expected risk must be used.

I suspect "free school meals" is being used as a proxy measure for wealth (or similar).

Filter methods use a proxy measure instead of the error rate to score a feature subset.