The politicisation of paramilitary units worked both ways; some province chiefs used the anti-communist forces to assassinate political opponents, including VNQDD members.

Firstly, the province chief would remove the inhabitants around the base to create a security zone.

These usually took place in the secluded house of a colonel who was a nearby province chief.

He was province chief and later résident of the province from 1914 to 1926, after serving temporarily in Kontum.

Even though the province chiefs and district chiefs were often military officers, ARVN units operating in a province or district could not give orders to these units.

During his period as the province chief, Thảo set up the Council of Elders, a consultative body of 20-200 men and women, who were allowed to criticise local officials.

Before embarking on a mission against enemy forces, a province chief might burn incense and call on a spirit for aid in defeating the enemy.

How about the province chief?

He scheduled a meeting with the province chief and other pro-Diệm officials during the time that the coup was to take place.

He was the substitute of the province chief of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1915 and 1917, but he left this position for the Croatian Affairs ministarial post.