Today, the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements in Article 101(1), including price fixing.

The court found that nothing in state law prohibited surrogate-parent agreements.

Article 85(1) prohibits agreements which restrict competition.

Its approach was based on the two concepts of prohibiting agreements that ran counter to public policy, unless the reasonableness of an agreement could be shown.

In doing so, it upheld a West Virginia state law prohibiting pre-dispute agreements that mandate arbitration of personal-injury or wrongful-death claims against nursing homes.

First it prohibits agreements aimed to restrict free trading between business entities and their customers.

A few states, such as California, totally ban or prohibit non-compete agreements except in limited circumstances.

Even supporters moved cautiously, producing a law of less than 200 words that, in broad language, prohibits anticompetitive agreements and the abuse of monopoly power.

The Competition Act 1998 prohibits anti-competitive agreements between businesses.

The NLRA prohibits pre-hire agreements outside the construction industry.