Mr. Karroubi was a member of Parliament until 1992 when the conservatives defeated his pro-reform party.

Mr. Nabavi has his differences with the other leading pro-reform party, the Participation Front, which favors mass resignation of reformers if Mr. Khatami's two bills are blocked.

In his 20-minute speech, Rutskoi called the current political situation a struggle between a "national opposition movement" and "a national treason movement" - the latter meaning the government and pro-reform parties.

"This money corrupts the system," said Boris G. Fyodorov, Mr. Yeltsin's former finance minister and the leader of a pro-reform party called Forward, Russia.

In 1993, Fulani joined activists who supported Ross Perot for President in the United States presidential election, 1992, in a national effort to create a new pro-reform party.

Expectations that pro-reform parties led by Government ministers would win a majority in the lower house of Parliament were dashed, and Mr. Zhirinovsky will end up with the second-biggest bloc of seats there.

Build a pro-reform political party.

Yeltsin proposed at a meeting of his supporters on Nov. 28-29 that a pro-reform party or movement should be established, offering to participate in any such movement.

The Government's party, Our Home Is Russia, and Yabloko, the only other pro-reform party that made it into the new legislature, together will have only about 100 seats.

Volodymyr P. Filenko, head of the Democratic Rebirth Party of Ukraine, a pro-reform party, said people are so discouraged that the majority have developed a nostalgia for the Soviet past.