Only 2 percent of the husbands had private employment.
Some of these laws and regulations affect private employment, while others deal with the public sector.
Upper-income Americans generally, whether in public or private employment, live not just a better life but one quite removed from that of ordinary families.
It is unclear how many of the five million families on welfare would be unable to move to support from private employment.
Moreover, private employment is still substantially below what it was at the start of the most recent recession in December 2007.
There are protections for both public and private employment.
The city added 83,000 private-sector jobs in 2000, raising private employment from 3,161,400 to 3,244,600.
Research has show such programs have done little to move people into private employment.
"We've had really no gain in private employment for many many months."
The officials are leaving Government service before the new restrictions on private employment can affect them.