Some previous measurements had put the edge of the cosmos a mere 8 billion light-years away.
The significance of this finding is that the volume of wood in the tree had been greatly overestimated by previous measurements.
He would later use his previous measurements of the compass variation to adjust his reckoning.
The first is gravity - this is simplest since previous measurements, or even a mathematical model, can be used to predict (and correct) any bending.
The final reason to be skeptical is the fact that this effect hasn't shown up in previous measurements.
As the test pattern continues to loop, additional measurements are acquired and averaged into the previous measurements.
This result matches previous measurements reported in 1984 and 2005.
The statistics of the random attenuation are decided by previous measurements or physical simulations.
This is a significantly smaller separation than any previous measurements, which ranged from 0.1-10 parsec, but were derived using different methods.
Every constant in the procedure enflurane() listed above is pre-determined from previous measurements.