The presumed advantage of the aposematic coloration is that predators have learned to avoid potential prey with that color pattern.

Thus, the presumed evolutionary advantages of human reflectivity must be qualified or viewed as conditional.

Democrats hope Mr. Kerry's résumé will help neutralize Mr. Bush's presumed advantage on these issues.

But she squandered some of that presumed advantage with "opposition research" that included hiring a private investigator who telephoned Mr. Sanders's former wife.

The presumed advantage of COX-2 inhibitors was that they might cut the rate of gastrointestinal side effects like ulcers and bleeding.

The self-examiners proved unable to detect cancers at an earlier stage than the control group, eliminating the presumed advantage of the monthly probing.

Despite favorable early polls, they should heed "the dread e-word," the presumed Republican advantage in the Electoral College.

Of course, any incumbent has a presumed advantage in winning his party's renomination.

But the presumed advantages are typically wiped out by third grade, many experts say.

The presumed advantage of Mullerian mimicry is that fewer individuals are expended in teaching predators the virtues of avoidance.