In other words, youth who had been prenatally exposed to heroin performed worse on general cognitive tasks, including those associated with memory.

Similarly, phthalates may play a causal role in disrupting masculine neurological development when exposed prenatally.

Ms. Delja, 24, worked after college in a research program involving children who were exposed to alcohol prenatally.

Both sexes are exposed to maternal estrogen prenatally.

"I also have devoted several years to the study of infants prenatally exposed to illicit drugs and alcohol."

The first large wave of children prenatally exposed to crack, the smokable form of cocaine, entered the nation's schools this year.

The Federal Government estimates that about 325,000 are prenatally exposed to drugs each year with about a third exposed to crack.

They may have been prenatally exposed to cocaine.

So far, few school systems have determined how to deal with the first large group of children prenatally exposed to crack.

The term addiction can not be properly applied to infants who have been prenatally exposed either to legal or illegal substances.