Sampling error aside, many pre-election surveys in other states have found whites reluctant to tell an unknown interviewer that they intend to vote against a black.

He appeared to be faring better than final pre-election surveys suggested he would.

Mr. Bush received the endorsements of 241 dailies, the fewest ever to back a Republican in Editor & Publisher's pre-election survey.

Roco was a front-runner in pre-election surveys and was considered a strong contender.

The results appeared to confirm pre-election surveys of voters that showed a strong desire for a system in which a change in government is possible.

But many pre-election surveys in other states have found whites reluctant to tell an unknown interviewer thay intended to vote against a black.

Both types of inaccurate answers introduce error in pre-election surveys, which use varying formulas to identify, as best they can, who will truly vote.

A 1999 pre-election survey suggested that the 26.9% of Afrikaners wanting to emigrate, but unable to, represented a desire for a solution such as a Volkstaat.

According to the 1999 pre-election survey, 2.5% of Afrikaner respondents were emigrating, 26.4% would leave if they could, and 5.3% were considering emigrating.

The results were generally in line with pre-election surveys released in the last weeks before the election.