Belief in shetani is a contemporary continuation of pre-Islamic belief.

Authorities attributed at least some of these elements to pre-Islamic beliefs and customs common to the area.

Because of this and due to their pre-Islamic beliefs, they have been oppressed by their Muslim neighbors.

Although the Siwa observe the Islamic fundamentals, many pre-Islamic traditional beliefs still persist.

Arabian mythology is the ancient, pre-Islamic beliefs of the Arab people.

The Idaksahak are Muslim, although many maintain pre-Islamic beliefs and practices.

The stories have values important to the social lifestyle of the nomadic Turks and their pre-Islamic beliefs.

At present both Islamic and pre-Islamic beliefs continue to be found among the Kazakhs, especially among the elderly.

Banyuwangi people are known for their combination of Islamic and pre-Islamic beliefs.

One can also find that pre-Islamic beliefs and customs are still alive in the valley today.