There are several equivalent definitions of a Riemann surface.
The main point of Riemann surfaces is that holomorphic functions may be defined between them.
The map carrying the structure of the complex plane to the Riemann surface is called a chart.
The complex plane C is the most basic Riemann surface.
Again a Riemann surface can be constructed, but this time the "hole" is horizontal.
In the following, note that all Riemann surfaces are orientable.
They are one foundation for the theory of Riemann surfaces.
One way of depicting holomorphic functions is with a Riemann surface.
This is a hyperbolic surface, in fact, a Riemann surface.
Considered as a Riemann surface, the open unit disk is therefore different from the complex plane.