We find, therefore, that any policy justifications are so intertwined with constitutional implications that we cannot separate the two.

In short, the promise of technological benefits has become the universal policy justification.

While there are policy justifications that support the recognition of public employee unions, there are public safety reasons for exempting the police.

"You're not giving me a policy justification," Justice Antonin Scalia said.

This suggests that students have a right to policy justification so that they know they are viewpoint neutral.

(This proposal loses revenue relative to the CBO baseline but has strong policy justification.)

They assert that there are equivalent public policy justifications for providing incentives to invest in keeping an existing database comprehensive, timely and accurate.

They said the Supreme Court has rejected numerous "social policy" justifications for price fixing in areas like bridge repair contracts or the costs of providing dental care.

The policy justification for this has been questioned.

Many provisions, Mr. Edelman says, "are just mean, with no good policy justification."