Established bermudagrass is a network of shoots, rhizomes, stolons, and crown tissue together that usually form a dense plant canopy.

This dense plant canopy can be used to propagate clonal varieties by sod, sprigs, or plugs.

This allows LEDs to be placed closer to the plant canopy than other lights.

Suboptimal light (shade) typically occurs at the base of a plant canopy or in an understory environment.

A plant canopy consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area.

Ideal temperature range is 70-85 F (20-30 C) with relative humidity of 70-80% inside the plant canopy.

Several authors have attempted to describe mathematically the various types of vegetative plant canopy.

Note that this refers to card subjects, so the light and shade effects found in a plant canopy will be absent.

Canopy structure is the organization or spatial arrangement (three-dimensional geometry) of a plant canopy.

This included theories on plant canopies, with particular focus on investigation of crop stomatal or surface resistances.