States would be encouraged to place teachers where there are geographic or subject-matter shortages, particularly in school districts with large numbers of disadvantaged children.

The organization helped to place African-American teachers in the newly built schools for blacks.

"But it's tough to place engineers, computer programmers, scientists and teachers," he said.

There, he has been working to place bilingual teachers in school districts across Pennsylvania.

In the New York region, the program, which began in 1990, also places teachers in the Newark public schools.

Instead, principals would place teachers in one of four categories: highly effective, effective, developing and ineffective.

The Board worked to place female teachers in schools in western United States.

New York and other cities often place new teachers in the poorest and lowest-scoring schools, which senior teachers can avoid.

Young children also place their caretakers, teachers and parents at risk of a greater number of colds than they might otherwise get.

Until serious efforts are made to place better trained teachers in more classrooms, major problems will persist.